The value is given as a percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood. Hematocrit and hemoglobin values are the two major tests that show if anemia or polycythemia is present. Hemoglobin Hgb. The hemoglobin molecule fills up the red blood cells. It carries oxygen and gives the blood cell its red colour. The hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in blood and is a good measure of the blood's ability to carry oxygen throughout the body.
Red blood cell indices. They are measured by a machine and their values come from other measurements in a CBC. The MCV shows the size of the red blood cells. The MCH value is the amount of hemoglobin in an average red blood cell.
The MCHC measures the concentration of hemoglobin in an average red blood cell. These numbers help in the diagnosis of different types of anemia. Red cell distribution width RDW can also be measured which shows if the cells are all the same or different sizes or shapes.
Platelet thrombocyte count. Platelets thrombocytes are the smallest type of blood cell. They are important in blood clotting. When bleeding occurs, the platelets swell, clump together, and form a sticky plug that helps stop the bleeding.
If there are too few platelets, uncontrolled bleeding may be a problem. If there are too many platelets, there is a chance of a blood clot forming in a blood vessel. Also, platelets may be involved in hardening of the arteries atherosclerosis. Mean platelet volume MPV. Mean platelet volume measures the average amount volume of platelets. Mean platelet volume is used along with platelet count to diagnose some diseases.
If the platelet count is normal, the mean platelet volume can still be too high or too low. Why It Is Done A complete blood count may be done to: Find the cause of symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, fever, bruising, or weight loss. Check for anemia. See how much blood has been lost if there is bleeding.
Diagnose polycythemia. Check for an infection. Diagnose diseases of the blood, such as leukemia. Check how the body is dealing with some types of drug or radiation treatment.
Check how abnormal bleeding is affecting the blood cells and counts. Screen for high and low values before a surgery. See if there are too many or too few of certain types of cells. This may help find other conditions, such as too many eosinophils may mean an allergy or asthma is present. How To Prepare You do not need to do anything before having this test.
How It Is Done Your health professional drawing blood will: Wrap an elastic band around your upper arm to stop the flow of blood. This makes the veins below the band larger so it is easier to put a needle into the vein. Clean the needle site with alcohol. Put the needle into the vein. More than one needle stick may be needed. Attach a tube to the needle to fill it with blood.
Remove the band from your arm when enough blood is collected. Put a gauze pad or cotton ball over the needle site as the needle is removed. Put pressure to the site and then a bandage. How It Feels The blood sample is taken from a vein in your arm. Risks There is very little chance of a problem from having a blood sample taken from a vein.
In rare cases, excessive bleeding can be a more serious response to the test. Abnormal test results could be an indication of a serious health problem or a simple one that can be remedied by eating better or taking supplements.
These are some of the health problems that can be identified by a CBC:. Last Updated: September 8, This information provides a general overview and may not apply to everyone.
Talk to your family doctor to find out if this information applies to you and to get more information on this subject. However, if you have to travel, there are ways to decrease….
Visit The Symptom Checker. Read More. Blood Test: Lipid Panel. Pelvic Ultrasound. Rapid Strep Test. Abdominal Ultrasound. CT Head Scan. Other reasons your doctor may order a CBC can include: If you are ill and have a fever or if he or she suspects any kind of infection.
If you are tired or are losing weight without trying. If you have any sign of cancer, including general weakness, bruising, or bleeding. Things to consider Having CBC lab work done poses very little risk to your health. These are some of the health problems that can be identified by a CBC: anemia low iron autoimmune disorders bone marrow problems cancer dehydration heart disease infection inflammation vitamin and mineral deficiencies Questions to ask your doctor When will I get my test results back from the lab?
Will you notify me of my test results even if they are normal? The test will take only a few minutes. The technician:. A blood test can be slightly uncomfortable.
When the needle punctures your skin, you might feel a prick or pinching sensation. Some people also feel faint or light-headed when they see blood. Afterwards, you may have minor bruising, but it will clear up within a few days.
In young infants, a nurse will typically sterilize the heel of the foot and use a small needle called a lancet to prick the area. The nurse will then gently squeeze the heel and collect a small amount of blood in a vial for testing. Test results will vary based on your blood cell counts. Here are the normal results for adults, but different labs may deliver slight variations:. A CBC is not a definitive diagnostic test. Blood cell counts that are too high or too low could signal a wide variety of conditions.
Specialized tests are needed to diagnose a specific condition. Conditions that could cause an abnormal CBC and may require additional testing include:. If your CBC shows abnormal levels, your doctor may order another blood test to confirm results. They may also order other tests to help further evaluate your condition and confirm a diagnosis. White blood cells, or WBCs, are an important part of your immune system. They help fight infections by attacking bacteria, viruses, and germs.
An eosinophil count is a type of blood test that measures the quantity of eosinophils in your body. An eosinophil is a type of white blood cell. A blood differential test, also known as a white blood cell count differential, measures the number of different types of white blood cells in your…. The test is usually part of a complete blood count….
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