The layers of the stomach wall follow the basic plan described above. The gastric glands are the basic structure of the stomach wall and can be thought of as tiny pits, or indentations, lined by epithelial cells.
Gastric glands are structured as a gastric pit that opens into the lumen, followed by an isthmus, neck, and base. There are several types of cells that are important in producing stomach secretions:. The three different regions of the stomach are distinguished on the basis of the histological characteristics of the mucosal glands:. The muscularis externa of the stomach is notable because it contains an additional muscular layer.
It is structured with inner oblique, middle circular, and outer longitudinal layers. This structure allows for the churning movements that mix the chyme and expose it to the acidic gastric juice produced by the stomach glands. The small intestine is responsible for the continued digestion and absorption of the GI tract contents. Reflecting its absorptive function, the surface of the small intestine is amplified significantly at three levels:.
The small intestine begins after the gastro-duodenal junction and is divided into three segments:. The intervening depressions between the villi are known as crypts of Lieberkuhn and can be thought of as the intestinal analogs of the gastric glands.
They contain several important cell types:. The small intestine ends with the ileo-cecal junction. The large intestine absorbs water and concentrates waste material that is formed into feces. It lacks villi and contains a disproportionately large number of goblet cells. The lamina propria has many macrophages, plasma cells, eosinophils, and lymphoid nodules. The muscularis externa does not have a continuous longitudinal muscle layer, but instead has three thick bands of muscle called the tenia coli.
A thick layer of serosa is present and contains pendulous tabs of adipose tissue called appendices epiploicae. Making progress through molecular attacks on cancer. Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology 70 , —, doi: Quintas-Cardama, A. Imatinib and beyond—exploring the full potential of targeted therapy for CML. Nature reviews 6 , —, doi: Pendergast, A.
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These layers of smooth muscle are used for peristalsis rhythmic waves of contraction , to move food down through the gut. Contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves.
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